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Heating
Liquids by Steam Sparging [Download Article ] |
| Abstract Steam is often used for heating liquids. The direct steam injection into the process is known as steam sparging. The sparge design and location affect the efficiency of the process. |
|
Heat
Welding of Plastics [Download Article ] |
| Abstract Welding can join thermoplastic parts together. It can be by melting the surfaces and pressing them together or by extrusion welding with a filler rod. Several methods of welding are available. Proper manual techniques are critical to success as is the testing of pressure parts. |
|
Experiences
with Bucket Elevators [Download Article ] |
| Abstract Bucket elevators lift bulk materials from one level to another. They are used on powders, granules, grain, chip shaped products, and lump materials. They function well when designed properly for the duty, and used as designed. Problems that can occur and possible remedies are available in this article. |
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Unfired
Pressure Vessel Inspections [Download Article ] |
| Abstract Pressure vessels must be regularly inspected and be maintained in a safe operating condition. The higher the risk, the more stringent the requirements for operating and inspecting the vessel. |
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A Simple
Fault Finding Technique [Download Article ] |
| Abstract Fixing plant and equipment about which you know little is daunting. Here is a simple way to help you successfully fault find failed equipment. |
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Shaft
Sealing with a Packed Gland [Download Article ] |
| Abstract Covering the use of compressed, stacked packing for shaft sealing, this article includes an explanation of how packing works, what to consider when using packing, good installation practices, and commissioning shaft packing. |
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How to
Present a Winning Financial Justification for Replacement Equipment
[Download Article ] |
| Abstract From time to time it becomes clear that a piece of equipment is expensive to maintain and it would be cheaper to replace it. To get the funding, it is necessary to justify the expenditure and prove that replacement is the best decision. By following the procedure outlined here, you'll have a very strong case for the funds that you need. |
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Non-Destructive
Testing of Welds
[Download Article ] |
| Abstract Welding processes and methods can introduce contaminants and metallurgical defects into the weld. If a weld is required to withstand severe loading conditions and stresses it is critical to insure its quality meets minimum standards. Welds can be tested by destructive and non-destructive techniques. Most production is tested by use of non-destructive methods. The most common non-destructive tests to check welds are Visual Inspection, Liquid Penetrant, Magnetic Particle, Eddy Current, Ultrasonic, Acoustic Emission and Radiography. |
|
Is Your
Wet Scrubbing Tower Working?
[Download Article ] |
| Abstract A wet scrubbing tower is used to clean odors, particles, mists and vapours from a gas stream. The gas is forced through the tower. As it moves from inlet to outlet it is washed and cleaned. The washing is done with suitable chemicals that remove the active components in the gas flow. The gas is cleaned to environmentally acceptable levels and discharged to atmosphere. |
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Air
Compressor Operation and Care [Download Article ] |
| Abstract Compressed air is one of the most used service fluids in industry. The article introduces the basic design concepts of an air compressor and discusses some of the common problems and solutions found in both reciprocating (piston goes up and down) and rotary screw (twin, meshed, rotating, helix) air compressors. |
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Water
Hammer and How It Is Controlled [Download Article ] |
| Abstract When a control valve or manual valve is shut fast in a full pipeline of moving liquid, the liquid comes to a sudden stop. If the pipe suddenly starts banging and thrashing about you can be sure a water hammer was created. Water hammer can cause great noise and damage. The pressure surge can deform pipes and valves and start leaks. |
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Electric
Motor Problems [Download Article ] |
| Abstract This article presents a basic explanation of electric motor construction and operation along with twelve problems that can be encountered with their use. Most electric motors in industrial equipment are three phase alternating current induction motors. Induction is the creation of an electric current across a gap. Two types of induction motors are commonly used: squirrel-cage and wound-rotor. The names come from the way they are built. |
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How
Control Systems Can Trick Operators [Download Article ] |
| Abstract Operators are required to run their plants from control panels. They view the control panel dials, lights and readouts and from them they interpret the plant and equipment operating condition. It is critical that every indicator on the panel be a true reflection of the equipment’s state out in the plant. |
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Ultrasonic
Level Detectors [Download Article ] |
| Abstract These instruments use high frequency sound bounced off a surface to determine distance. They are often used as level detectors in tanks and silos. Long-lived, useful service depends on configuration of the tank roof and internals, material of construction compatibility with process chemicals, position on the roof, stillness and orientation of the surface being measured. |
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Flange
Bolting-Up Practices [Download Article ] |
| Abstract Bolts and gaskets behave like springs and unless flange bolts and nuts are properly tensioned the flange will leak. The correct tightening torque depends on bolt diameter, material of construction, process pressure and bolt fabrication. |
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Changing
the Service Duty of a Pump [Download Article ] |
| Abstract When centrifugal pumps are modified to perform a different duty the new service head, flow and motor power characteristics are calculated from the Similarity Laws. |
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Moving
Slurries About [Download Article ] |
| Abstract Slurries are solid particles in a liquid. Concentration can vary from mostly liquid to mostly solid. Slurries are usually transported through pipe work using pumps, pressurised gas or steam. Different concentrations and different particulate produce different flow characteristics. Successful slurry transport requires knowledge of the particulate, its transport behaviour in the liquid at different concentrations and speeds, the nature and friction effects of the pipe work system and selection of the right motive method for the application. This article provides information for transporting slurries of up to 60% solids concentration. |