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Chemistry Related Mishaps

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Chemistry of Photography

While it is easy to make comparisons between the pupil of the eye and the f-stop of a camera or between the retina of the eye and photographic film, once we get past the basic similarities of the optics of the two systems, comparisons begin to rapidly...

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ChE Plus Has Moved

ChE Plus has moved to the Community section of our website. Here, we'll explain how to access your ChE Plus files in our new interface. If you do NOT have an account set up in our community section, read below about how to gain access.Already Have a...

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Centrifugal Pumps: Understanding Cavitation

Operating a pump under the condition of cavitation for even a short period of time can have damaging consequences for both the equipment and the process. Operating a pump at low flow conditions for an extended duration may also have damaging consequenc...

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Centrifugal Pumps: Basic Concepts of Operation,...

The operating manual of any centrifugal pump often starts with a general statement, "Your centrifugal pump will give you completely trouble free and satisfactory service only on the condition that it is installed and operated with due care and is prope...

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Capitalizing on Nanotechnology

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Building New Body Parts

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Biosorption

Biosorption is the binding and concentration of heavy metals from aqueous solutions (even very dilute ones) by certain types of inactive, dead, microbial biomass6. Pioneering research on biosorption of heavy metals has led to the identification of a nu...

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Basics of Polystyrene Production

Polystyrene is a widely used polymer.  After production of the monomer, from one of a few processes, the monomer proceeds to further processing to form polystyrene. Styrene Monomer ProductionThe energy needed for the reaction is supplied by superheate...

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Basics of Phase Equilibria

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Basics of Leaching

Simply put, leaching generally refers to the removal of a substance from a solid via a liquid extraction media.  The desired component diffuses into the solvent from its natural solid form.  Examples of leaching include the removal of sugar from suga...

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Basics of Injection Molding

Making polymers is a fantastic science.   Then there is the matter of shaping the plastic into useful objects....another fantastic science.  One of the most common methods of shaping plastic resins is a process called injection molding.  Injection m...

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Basics of Industrial Heat Transfer

Heat transfer is one of the most important industrial processes. Throughout any industrial facility, heat must be added, removed, or moved from one process stream to another. Understanding the basics of the heart of this operation is key to any enginee...

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Ammonia: The Next Step

Steam reforming of hydrocarbons for ammonia production was introduced in 1930. Since then, the technology has experienced revolutionary changes in its energy consumption patterns. Ranging from an early level of 20 Gcal/tonne (79.4 MBtu/tonne) to about...

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Air Leak Testing Prior to Commissioning

Our message board is a constant source of great advice and information for all of our users. Some times, an especially useful discussion takes place that deserves a little extra attention. The inquiry and reply shownin this articlecan benefit process e...

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A Students Guide to Refining

Distillation is the first step in the processing of crude oil and it takes place in a tall steel tower called a fractionation column. The inside of the column is divided at intervals by horizontal trays. The column is kept very hot at the bottom (the c...

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A Novel Membrane Bioreactor for By-Product Reco...

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A Lesson Learned from Plants

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