Hi,
Centrifugal pumps have to be primed before starting and the suction pipe and pump casing should be filled with the handling fluid. If such pumps aren't primed and to be started, they would produce a very small pressure by handling the air with low density not to be adequate to suck the fluid through the suction pipe.
On the other hand, reciprocating pumps are positive displacement and self-priming machines and when to be started without previous priming, can be able to suck the fluid by developing pressure at downstream via positive displacement movements. Then they don't need to be primed before starting...