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[sak@675]

Acid, bases and pH are concepts that apply to aqueous solutions(solution in water). pH refers to the hydrogen ion concentration or the ability of a species to denote/accept protons or electrons. Acids and bases reflect the relative availability of hydrogen ions or proton/electron donors or acceptors. Acid-base reaction are extremely important in living cells and industrial processes.

 

Atomic structure 

 

Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons form the nucleus of each atom, with electrons moving around this core. The study of atomic structure involves understanding the composition of atoms, isotopes, and ions.

 

Electrochemistry 

 

It is a primarily concerned with oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions. These reaction produce ions and may be harnessed to produce electrodes and batteries. Electrochemistry is used to predict whether a reation will occur and in which direction electrons will flow.