Dear Nertil1,
in case of a pig receiver, the gas flows from the main pipeline into the pig receiver and from the receiver into the main pipeline again via the bypass line in order to receive the pig.
When a pig enters a pig receiver and passes through the reducer and comes into the major barrel, the seal is lost and the gas is no longer that efficient to push it through. Rather pig drops down by gravity in the barrel. it might also have a chance to move forward because of the momentum. If the receiver bypass line was located nearer to the closure door of the pig receiver, there could be a possibility that the pig would move and block the bypass nozzle partially during the receiving operation which would disturb the flow significantly. Thats the reason why may be the bypass line is placed at minimum spacing from the start point of the reducer between the major and minor barrel.
Further, in scenarios where gas can be received and transported in any direction in the pipeline bi-directional pig launcher/receivers are provided with both the bypass and the kicker line.
Regards
Avijit