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[Adriaan]

For water / steam calculations I suggest you get the excellent Excel plug-in from the main Cheresources site. With it you can find (with a little effort because you have to convert units) the answers to your other questions.

Super heated steam is steam that has a higher temperature than saturated steam of the same pressure; the main reasons to use superheated steam are that it prevents condensation (which could otherwise occur with even a small energy loss) and that the steam carries more energy that way.

Saturated steam is "dry steam", steam that has no water in it. I agree that the name is a bit confusing (its the same in Dutch; verzadigde stoom).

The reason you do not want any water in your steam system - in industrial use - is that the steam will flow at QUITE a high velocity, even more so in a steam turbine. At atmospheric pressure 1 volume unit of water will produce roughly 3600 volume units of steam. Using that ballpark figure I think you'll understand that if there is water in the steam those water droplets would act like bullets (high density relative to the density of the steam, moving at speed), damaging equipment.

Many turbines (turbines with a vacuum condensor) ARE designed in such a way that the "used" steam contains some water (up to about 10 %). The reason for this is that the condensation energy of that steam / water is used and thus gives a more energy efficient system.