- Refining - Technical Questions and Answers - Technical Q & A Database

· Unlock · Lock 15 Jul
Tween
How to convert PPMw (by weight) to PPMv(Volume) for H2S & moisture(H2O) in gas mixture?
Hide Comments

Submitted Chris Haslego, Nov 21 2011 11:21 AM | Last updated Nov 21 2011 01:29 PM

Category:	Refining
Question:	What are some common processes or techniques used for reducing sulfur levels in FCC gasoline?
Keywords:	fcc,fluidized,catalystic,cracker,gasoline,sulfur,sulphur,level,reducing
Answer:	Gasoline sulfur as a percentage of feed sulfur is relatively constant. For non-hydrotreated feeds, 5% of the feed sulfur will be in the gasoline. For hydrotreated feeds, this drops to about 3%. These percentages are constant across a wide range of conversions. This means that as long as increasing conversion increases the gasoline yield, the wt.% sulfur in gasoline will decline. Once conversion goes beyond the maximum gasoline point, however, further increases in conversion may actually increase the wt.% sulfur in gasoline. Gasoline sulfur is not evenly distributed across the gasoline boiling range. The wt.% sulfur the C5-175 C gasoline will be roughly one half of the wt.% sulfur of the C5-221 full range gasoline. There is a new process out by Phillips called S Zorb which claims to remove sulfur from FCC gasoline with minimal impact on octane. Akzo Nobel offers a technology option known as "RESOLVE" which allows for a significant reduction in FCC gasoline sulfur levels through the optimization of key catalyst parameters such as matrix type, matrix acidity and overall FCC catalyst architecture.