Once again, our Forums are in debt to Breizh for some excellent informational uploads.
I have used porous media spargers a lot in my plant engineering days of yesteryear. In my experience, the type of spargers inferred in this topic are SINTERED METAL spargers. There are now a lot of fabricators of this type of excellent sparger, but some of them are newcomers to the market. The characteristics of this type of sparger make it mandatory for the user to ensure that the media being used in the sparger is ABSOLUTELY CLEAN and devoid of any solids. These items are made of sintered brass, bronze, and now stainless steel. When put into actual use, they will eventually plug up due to the very fine pores that they exhibit. Because of this, it should be planned to replace them for disuse or to clean them up. Sometimes, it is not possible to justify cleaning them up for continued use. It is very important to employ reliable pressure monitoring gauges upstream of the spargers to detect when they start to plug. The use of SS as a material of construction is very attractive - but if you really don't need it and can get away with brass, then use this because the cost of replacing them will be much less.
When applied conrrectly they furnish a very nice and homogeous distribution of gentle bubbles that saturate the parent liquid or fluid very well. A gentle simmering action is obtained and the mixing is very efficient.